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Plutonium vs Rhodium

Plutonium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Rh   
Group Number
0   
18
9   
9
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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