Plutonium vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu
Na
Group Number
0
18
1
17
Period Number
7
3
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440075
99+
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
11.00
13
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C
99+
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C
24
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
0.69 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
99+
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28
33
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72
21
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94
24
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
94
24
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
12
99+
Number of Electrons
94
24
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu
19
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)
21
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm
4
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3
13
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3
8
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)
12
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa
21
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21
32
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.84
7
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
Not Available
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K
3
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K
99+
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol
25
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol
26
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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