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Praseodymium
Praseodymium

Gold
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Praseodymium Gold Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pr
Au
1.2 Group Number
NA11
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401007440575
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00225.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
Before 6000 BCE
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %6 * 10-8 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Palladium
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.02 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C1,064.43 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C2,807.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Gold
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.50
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa194.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa216.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s2,030.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA95.00 %
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Pr
Au
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3136
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.132.54
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.42
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.87
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.92
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.871.46
Palladium
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol890.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr2.45 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.70 eV5.10 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
5979
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
5979
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
82118
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
5979
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm151.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm144.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm166.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu196.97 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol10.20 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm407.82 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.611.61
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm319.30 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm317.31 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA120.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)67.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa27.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa180.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa79.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.40
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.7719.32
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m2.20 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.45 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K25.42 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K318.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)14.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol324.40 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol12.55 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol364.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K47.40 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1