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Praseodymium
Praseodymium

Mercury
Mercury



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Praseodymium
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Praseodymium vs Mercury

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pr
Hg
1.2 Group Number
NA12
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401007439976
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00166.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Ancient Chinese and Indians
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
Before 2000 BCE
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.05 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.45 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
935.00 °CNA
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C356.58 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Liquid
4.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s1,451.40 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NA1.00
Palladium
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA73.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Pr
Hg
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3134
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.132.00
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.20
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.44
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.81
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.44
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.872.00
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol1,007.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,810.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr3.74 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.70 eV4.49 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
5980
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
5980
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
82121
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
5980
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm151.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm132.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm155.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu200.59 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol14.82 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)28.20 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm300.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm313.53 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NA0.00
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.28NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.7713.53
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m961.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Palladium
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K27.98 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K8.30 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA1,750.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)60.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol56.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol2.29 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol61.50 kJ/mol
Sodium
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K75.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1