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Praseodymium
Praseodymium

Zinc
Zinc



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Praseodymium vs Zinc

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pr
Zn
1.2 Group Number
NA12
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
64
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401007440666
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Indian metallurgists
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
Before 1000 BCE
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-5 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.1.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0002 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.1.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.02 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.2.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.2.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.1.1 In Bone
NA170.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C419.58 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.3 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C907.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
6.5 Appearance
6.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.5.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery Gray
6.5.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
6.7.1 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa327.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
6.8.1 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
6.10 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s3,850.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
6.11 Optical Properties
6.11.1 Refractive Index
NA1.00
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
6.11.2 Reflectivity
NA80.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
6.12 Allotropes
6.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
Pr
Zn
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
3125
Tennessine
0 38
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.131.65
Francium
0.7 2.54
7.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.23
Cesium
0.22 2.56
7.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.66
Cesium
0.86 1.82
7.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.65
Cesium
0.62 2.48
7.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.59
Cesium
0.659 2.7
7.5 Electropositivity
7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.872.35
Gold
1.46 3.3
7.6 Ionization Energies
7.6.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol906.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
7.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,733.30 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
7.6.3 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol3,833.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
7.6.4 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol5,731.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
7.6.5 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol7,970.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
7.6.6 6th Energy Level
NA10,400.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
7.6.7 7th Energy level
NA12,900.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
7.6.8 8th Energy Level
NA16,800.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
7.6.9 9th Energy Level
NA19,600.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
7.6.10 10th Energy Level
NA23,000.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
7.6.11 11th Energy Level
NA26,400.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
7.6.12 12th Energy Level
NA29,990.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
7.6.13 13th Energy Level
NA40,490.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
7.6.14 14th Energy Level
NA43,800.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
7.6.15 15th Energy Level
NA47,300.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
7.6.16 16th Energy Level
NA52,300.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
7.6.17 17th Energy Level
NA55,900.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
7.6.18 18th Energy Level
NA59,700.00 kJ/mol
Nickel
58570 134810
7.6.19 19th Energy Level
NA67,300.00 kJ/mol
Copper
64702 148700
7.6.20 20th Energy Level
NA171,200.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
80400 171200
7.6.21 21st Energy Level
NA179,100.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
87000 179100
7.6.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
7.6.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
7.6.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
7.6.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
7.6.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
7.6.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
7.6.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
7.6.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
7.6.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
7.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr1.22 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
7.8 Electron Work Function
2.70 eV4.33 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
7.9 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
5930
Lithium
3 117
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
8.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
5930
Lithium
3 117
8.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8235
Lithium
4 184
8.4.3 Number of Electrons
5930
Lithium
3 117
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm134.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
8.5.2 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm122.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm139.00 pm
Palladium
139 348
8.6 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu65.38 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
8.7 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol9.20 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
8.10 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm266.49 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm37.14 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm36.57 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
9.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
9.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
9.4 Vapor Pressure
9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
9.5 Elasticity properties
9.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa43.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
9.5.2 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa70.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
9.5.3 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa108.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
9.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.25
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
9.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.776.90
Lithium
0.53 4500
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
10.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
10.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
10.2 Electrical Properties
10.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
10.2.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m59.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.17 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
10.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.39 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K25.47 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
11.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K116.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
11.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
11.5 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)30.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
Sodium
7.32 799.1
11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol129.70 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
11.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1