1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74401227429905
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Hans Christian Oersted
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.006 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.39 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C660.37 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C2,467.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol2,744.80 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol11,577.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA14,842.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA18,379.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA23,326.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA27,465.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA31,853.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA38,473.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA42,647.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm143.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm121.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm184.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu26.98 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA404.95 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm32.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa26.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa76.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa70.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.38 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA293.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA28.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1