Symbol
Pm
Pu
Group Number
30
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
67
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
74401227440075
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
P121/m1
Space Group Number
194.0011.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Discovery
In 1942
In Between 1940 1941
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
-0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
--
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
--
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
Industrial Uses
-
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
-
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C639.50 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C3,235.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
-4.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa627.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa617.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.701.90
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
63.00 %68.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Pm
Pu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2720
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.131.28
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.131.28
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.22
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.131.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.131.28
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.202.72
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol2,084.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol3,338.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol58,400.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol58,400.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol58,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
540.50 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol5,840.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol584.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr2.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.30 eV3.88 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
6194
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6194
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
84150
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6194
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm159.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm187.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu244.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol12.32 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)64.90 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
-618.30 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.631.74
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm319.82 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.26 g/cm316.63 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa40.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)2.20 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa43.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa100.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa96.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.21
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.2619.84
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m1.46 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.60 J/mol·K35.50 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K6.74 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,315.00 K913.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)46.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.00 kJ/mol344.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol2.82 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol360.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K37.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻