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Promethium
Promethium

Zinc
Zinc



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Promethium vs Zinc

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pm
Zn
1.2 Group Number
NA12
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
64
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401227440666
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
NA194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Indian metallurgists
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1942
Before 1000 BCE
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA3 * 10-5 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0002 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.02 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-37.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA170.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C419.58 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C907.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA327.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA3,850.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NA1.00
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA80.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Pm
Zn
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2725
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA1.65
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.23
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.66
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.65
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.59
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.35
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol906.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,733.30 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol3,833.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol5,731.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,970.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA10,400.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,900.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA16,800.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA19,600.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA23,000.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA26,400.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA29,990.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA40,490.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA43,800.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA47,300.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA52,300.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA55,900.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA59,700.00 kJ/mol
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA67,300.00 kJ/mol
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA171,200.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA179,100.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr1.22 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA4.33 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6130
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6130
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8435
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6130
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm134.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm122.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm139.00 pm
Palladium
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu65.38 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol9.20 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA266.49 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm37.14 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA6.57 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa43.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa70.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa108.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.25
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.266.90
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m59.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.17 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.39 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.47 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K116.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)30.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA7.32 kJ/mol
Sodium
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol129.70 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA41.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1