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Protactinium Nickel Comparison

Protactinium
Nickel
Nickel Protactinium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
Ni  
Group Number
3  
15
10  
8
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1900  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
91  
27
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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Actinide Series

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