Protactinium vs Gold
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa
Au
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440133
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
William Crookes
Unknown
Discovery
In 1900
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C
21
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C
12
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50
27
2.54
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50
27
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91
27
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
91
27
79
37
Number of Neutrons
122
21
118
23
Number of Electrons
91
27
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm
25
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm
11
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm
11
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu
24
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)
11
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm
23
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3
20
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
15.37
12
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m
21
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
34
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
Not Available
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K
32
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol
28
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K
1
47.40 J/mol.K
32
|
||
|
||
|
