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Protactinium vs Gold

Protactinium
Gold
Gold vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
Au  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
-  
Discovery
In 1900  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
118  
24
Number of Electrons
91  
27
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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