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Gold vs Mendelevium

Gold
Mendelevium
Mendelevium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Md  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440111  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1955  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
-  
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Md  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
2,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
36
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
37
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
63,500.00 kJ/mol  
37
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
1,107.00 kJ/mol  
21
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
39
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
635.00 kJ/mol  
34
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
635.00 kJ/mol  
36
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
635.00 kJ/mol  
38
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
635.00 kJ/mol  
37
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
635.00 kJ/mol  
39
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
3.21 g/amp-hr  
13
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
3.89 eV  
37
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
101  
17
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Rn] 5f13 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
101  
17
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
157  
8
Number of Electrons
79  
37
101  
17
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
258.00 amu  
14
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Fermium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Nobelium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
63.70 (-eV)  
23
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
10.30 g/cm3  
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
10.30 g/cm3  
39
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
32.00 GPa  
24
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
12.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
13.50  
29
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
0.63 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
380.50 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
410.80 kJ/mol  
25
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
37.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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