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Protactinium vs Niobium

Protactinium
Niobium
Niobium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa   
Nb   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440133   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1900   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C   
21
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C   
12
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91   
27
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91   
27
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
122   
21
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
91   
27
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm   
25
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm   
11
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm   
11
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu   
24
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)   
11
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm   
23
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3   
20
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37   
12
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K   
32
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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