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Protactinium vs Yttrium

Protactinium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa   
Y   
Group Number
Not Available   
3   
15
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440133   
99+
7440655   
25
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Johan Gadolin   
Discovery
In 1900   
In 1794   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-7 %   
17
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C   
21
1,523.00 °C   
27
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C   
12
3,337.00 °C   
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
589.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa   
Y   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.22   
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.65   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.12   
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.78   
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91   
27
39   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91   
27
39   
99+
Number of Neutrons
122   
21
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
91   
27
39   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm   
25
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm   
11
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm   
11
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu   
24
88.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)   
11
48.00 (-eV)   
30
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm   
23
364.74 pm   
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3   
20
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
25.60 GPa   
30
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
41.20 GPa   
30
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
63.50 GPa   
32
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.24   
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37   
12
4.47   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K   
32
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
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