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Rhenium vs Rutherfordium

Rhenium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Rf  
Group Number
7  
11
4  
14
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
-  
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
157  
8
Number of Electrons
75  
40
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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