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Rhenium vs Hafnium

Rhenium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re   
Hf   
Group Number
7   
11
4   
14
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1908   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75   
99+
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75   
40
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
111   
26
106   
29
Number of Electrons
75   
40
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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