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Rutherfordium vs Americium

Rutherfordium
Americium
Americium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Am   
Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440359   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1944   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
994.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
2,607.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Am   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
95   
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
95   
23
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
148   
12
Number of Electrons
104   
14
95   
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
173.00 pm   
21
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
180.00 pm   
21
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
244.00 pm   
10
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
243.00 amu   
20
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
44.00 (-eV)   
40
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
346.81 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
12.00 g/cm3   
30
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
13.67   
15
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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