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Rutherfordium vs Promethium

Rutherfordium
Promethium
Promethium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Pm   
Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
84   
40
Number of Electrons
104   
14
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
NA   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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