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Rutherfordium vs Silver

Rutherfordium
Silver
Silver vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf  
Ag  
Group Number
4  
14
11  
7
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
53850365  
13
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1964  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C  
11
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C  
3
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa  
9
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rf  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
104  
14
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104  
14
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
104  
14
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm  
35
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm  
10
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu  
11
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3  
8
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm3  
9
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.00  
10
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K  
12
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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