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Rutherfordium vs Tin

Rutherfordium
Tin
Tin vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf  
Sn  
Group Number
4  
14
14  
4
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
53850365  
13
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1964  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C  
11
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C  
3
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa  
9
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rf  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
104  
14
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104  
14
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
104  
14
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm  
35
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm  
10
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu  
11
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
-  
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3  
8
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm3  
9
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa  
99+
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.00  
10
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K  
12
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
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