Symbol
Sm
Fe
Group Number
38
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74401997439896
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
-
Discovery
In 1879
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.11 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.10 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %22.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %6.30 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.01 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C1,535.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C2,750.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.504.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa608.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.802.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
-
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
-
gamma Iron
Chemical Formula
Sm
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3026
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.171.83
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.172.20
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.64
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.171.83
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.171.80
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.832.17
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol9,560.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,445.00 kJ/mol12,060.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol14,580.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol22,540.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol25,290.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol28,000.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol31,920.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol34,830.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,450.00 kJ/mol37,840.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
54,450.00 kJ/mol44,100.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
54,400.00 kJ/mol47,206.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol122,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol131,000.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol140,500.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol152,600.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol163,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol173,600.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol188,100.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol195,200.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV4.70 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
6226
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6226
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
8830
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6226
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm126.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm132.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm286.65 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.621.35
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa11,000.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa170.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa211.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.270.29
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.527.20
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.01 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00200,000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,345.00 K1,811.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻