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Scandium
Scandium

Osmium
Osmium



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Scandium vs Osmium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Sc
Os
1.2 Group Number
38
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74402027440042
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Smithson Tennant
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1879
In 1803
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %3 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0000002 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,539.00 °C3,045.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C5,027.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA7.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa3,490.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA4,940.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Sc
Os
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1335
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.362.20
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.52
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.191.65
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.641.80
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol
Tin
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.50 eV4.83 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2176
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2176
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
24114
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2176
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
162.00 pm133.80 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
170.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm216.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
44.96 amu190.23 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol8.49 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)91.40 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
330.90 pm273.44 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.58
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm322.59 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm320.00 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA1,000.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa222.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa462.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
1.2.1 Young's Modulus
74.40 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
1.4 Poisson Ratio
0.280.25
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
1.5 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.9922.57
Lithium
0.53 4500
2.4.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.4.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
2.5.3 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
2.7 Electrical Properties
2.7.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
2.7.2 Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m81.20 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
2.7.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
2.7.4 Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol106.10 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
3.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K24.70 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
3.3 Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K87.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
3.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
3.5 Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)5.10 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
3.6 Enthalpy
3.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol627.60 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
3.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol29.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
3.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol669.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
3.7 Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1