Symbol
Tc
Tm
Group Number
73
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
56
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74402687440304
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1937
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
-
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C1,545.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C1,730.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Shiny Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
-
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.252.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa520.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
35.00 %35.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Tc
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1832
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.901.25
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.901.25
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.361.11
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.901.25
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.511.25
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.102.75
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol59,600.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol59,600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV2.40 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
4369
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
4369
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
55100
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
4369
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm176.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm160.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm227.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm353.75 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.601.57
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa69.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa30.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa44.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa74.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.380.21
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.509.32
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K1,818.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻