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Thallium
Thallium

Copernicium
Copernicium



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Thallium
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Copernicium

Thallium Copernicium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Tl
Cn
1.2 Group Number
1312
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
67
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
p block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744028054084263
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00NA
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1861
In 1996
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %NA
Palladium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
303.50 °CNA
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,457.00 °CNA
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.20NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
818.00 m/sNA
Palladium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Tl
Cn
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
321
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.62NA
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44NA
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.79NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.38NA
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol1,154.90 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol2,170.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol4,245.40 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,499.70 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.84 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
81112
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
81112
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
123NA
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
81112
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
170.00 pm147.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm122.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
204.38 amu285.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
345.66 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm323.70 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
2.80 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
8.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.45NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile
Unknown
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.85NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·mNA
Palladium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1