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Thorium
Thorium

Lithium
Lithium



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Thorium Lithium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Th
Li
1.2 Group Number
01
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
2.2 Period Number
72
Sodium
2 7
2.3 Block
f block
s block
2.4 Element Family
Actinide
Alkali
2.5 CAS Number
74403267439932
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
2.7 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Johan August Arfwedson
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1829
In 1817
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %6 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
3.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.00017 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
3.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.6.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.6.5 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.3.1 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,750.00 °C180.54 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
6.2 Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C1,347.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery White
6.3.3 Luster
NA
NA
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.000.60
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
6.5.3 Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa5.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
6.5.5 Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
6.6 Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s6,000.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
6.7 Optical Properties
6.7.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
7.1.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Th
Li
8.3 Isotopes
8.3.1 Known Isotopes
288
Tennessine Metal
0 38
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.300.98
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
8.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.89
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
8.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.110.97
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.97
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
8.8.2 Allen Electronegativity
NA0.91
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
8.9 Electropositivity
8.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.703.02
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
8.11 Ionization Energies
8.11.1 1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
8.11.2 2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
8.11.3 3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
8.11.4 4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/molNA
Tin
2780 37066
8.11.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
8.11.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
8.11.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
8.11.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
8.11.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
8.11.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
8.11.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
8.11.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
8.11.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
8.11.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
8.11.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
8.11.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
8.11.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
8.11.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
8.11.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
8.11.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
8.11.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
8.11.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.11.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.11.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.11.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
8.11.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
8.11.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
8.11.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
8.11.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
8.11.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
8.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
8.13 Electron Work Function
3.41 eV2.90 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
8.14 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
903
Sodium
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[He] 2s1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
903
Sodium
3 117
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
1424
Sodium
4 184
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
903
Sodium
3 117
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
179.80 pm152.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
206.00 pm128.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm182.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
9.6 Atomic Weight
232.04 amu6.94 amu
Sodium
6.94 294
9.7 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
508.42 pm351.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
Palladium
0.534 40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA0.51 g/cm3
Sodium
0.512 20
10.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
10.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA109.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa4.20 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa11.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa4.90 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
0.27NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.700.53
Palladium
0.53 4500
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
11.2.2 Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA59.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
12.4 Critical Temperature
NA3,223.00 K
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
12.5 Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1