Home
 Compare Metals

Thorium Nickel Comparison

Thorium
Nickel
Nickel Thorium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Ni  
Group Number
0  
18
10  
8
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
35
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
15.00 %  
36
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Th  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
99+
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
90  
28
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
142  
16
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
90  
28
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
17
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
24
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
16
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.10  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
34
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.72 g/cm3  
32
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
23
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
36
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
2,023.00 K  
20
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
<< Thermal

Compare Actinide Series

Actinide Series

Actinide Series

» More Actinide Series

Compare Actinide Series

» More Compare Actinide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!