Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Marc Delafontaine
Discovery
In 1829
In 1878
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available