1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74403267440111
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
- Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
- Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
NA
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,750.00 °C827.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.2 Brinell Hardness
6.6.3 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.5.3 Reflectivity
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.6 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol635.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol2,470.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol3,840.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
8.7.11 6th Energy Level
8.7.13 7th Energy level
8.7.15 8th Energy Level
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
8.7.23 13th Energy Level
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
8.7.27 15th Energy Level
8.7.29 16th Energy Level
8.7.31 17th Energy Level
8.7.33 18th Energy Level
8.7.34 19th Energy Level
8.7.37 20th Energy Level
8.7.38 21st Energy Level
8.7.40 22nd Energy Level
8.7.42 23rd Energy Level
8.7.44 24th Energy Level
8.7.46 25th Energy Level
8.7.48 26th Energy Level
8.7.49 27th Energy Level
8.7.51 28th Energy Level
8.7.53 29th Energy Level
8.7.55 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr3.21 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Rn] 5f13 7s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Not Known
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
10.1.1 Number of Neutrons
10.4.2 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
10.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm246.00 pm
139
348
10.7 Atomic Weight
232.04 amu258.00 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
10.12 Lattice Constant
508.42 pmNA
228.58
891.25
10.14 Lattice Angles
10.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.8 Elasticity properties
12.8.1 Shear Modulus
12.8.3 Bulk Modulus
12.9.3 Young's Modulus
12.10 Poisson Ratio
12.12 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.5 Permeability
14.1.7 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.3.6 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.5 Thermal Conductivity
16.8 Critical Temperature
16.9 Thermal Expansion
16.11 Enthalpy
16.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.11.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.13 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1