1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Probably Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744032654101143
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.7.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.12.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
- Currently known uses of Ununseptium metal are limited to research purpose only.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
2.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Research Purposes
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
1.2.1 In Bone
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
1,750.00 °C400.00 °C
27
3410
3.4 Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C610.00 °C
147
5660
3.13 Appearance
3.13.1 Physical State
3.13.2 Color
3.13.3 Luster
3.14 Hardness
3.14.1 Mohs Hardness
4.1.1 Brinell Hardness
5.4.3 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.3 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.2.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.2.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
12.3 Electropositivity
12.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.7 Ionization Energies
12.7.1 1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol742.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol1,785.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
14.1.1 3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
14.1.4 4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
14.2.1 5th Energy Level
14.3.2 6th Energy Level
14.5.2 7th Energy level
14.8.3 8th Energy Level
15.3.2 9th Energy Level
15.5.2 10th Energy Level
16.2.3 11th Energy Level
16.2.5 12th Energy Level
16.3.3 13th Energy Level
16.3.7 14th Energy Level
16.3.9 15th Energy Level
16.4.1 16th Energy Level
16.4.4 17th Energy Level
16.5.2 18th Energy Level
16.7.2 19th Energy Level
16.8.2 20th Energy Level
16.9.3 21st Energy Level
16.9.4 22nd Energy Level
17.2.3 23rd Energy Level
17.2.4 24th Energy Level
17.3.3 25th Energy Level
17.3.5 26th Energy Level
17.3.8 27th Energy Level
17.4.2 28th Energy Level
17.4.5 29th Energy Level
18.2.3 30th Energy Level
18.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
18.4 Electron Work Function
18.5 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Ionization
19 Atomic
19.2 Atomic Number
19.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5
19.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Not Known
19.4.1 Crystal Lattice
19.5 Atom
19.5.1 Number of Protons
19.5.5 Number of Neutrons
19.5.9 Number of Electrons
19.7 Radius of an Atom
19.7.1 Atomic Radius
19.8.4 Covalent Radius
19.8.10 Van der Waals Radius
19.9 Atomic Weight
232.04 amu294.00 amu
6.94
294
19.11 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
19.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
19.13.1 Previous Element
19.13.2 Next Element
19.14 Valence Electron Potential
19.15 Lattice Constant
508.42 pmNA
228.58
891.25
19.18 Lattice Angles
19.19 Lattice C/A Ratio
21 Mechanical
21.1 Density
21.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm37.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
21.4.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
21.5 Tensile Strength
21.7 Viscosity
21.8 Vapor Pressure
21.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
21.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
21.10 Elasticity properties
21.10.1 Shear Modulus
21.15.1 Bulk Modulus
22.2.3 Young's Modulus
23.7 Poisson Ratio
23.11 Other Mechanical Properties
24 Magnetic
24.1 Magnetic Characteristics
24.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.2.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
24.2.4 Permeability
25.2.1 Susceptibility
25.3 Electrical Properties
25.3.1 Electrical Property
25.3.2 Resistivity
26.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
27.3.5 Electron Affinity
28 Thermal
28.1 Specific Heat
29.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
29.3 Thermal Conductivity
29.7 Critical Temperature
30.4 Thermal Expansion
30.7 Enthalpy
30.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
30.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
30.12.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
30.17 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1