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Thorium vs Tin

Thorium
Tin
Tin vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Sn   
Group Number
0   
18
14   
4
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1829   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
50.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
90   
28
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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