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Thorium vs Titanium

Thorium
Titanium
Titanium vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Ti   
Group Number
0   
18
4   
14
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1829   
In 1791   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
16
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
1,660.00 °C   
18
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
3,287.00 °C   
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray-White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
716.00 MPa   
15
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
830.00 MPa   
14
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
5,090.00 m/s   
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Ti   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
23   
16
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.54   
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.09   
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.32   
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.38   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.46   
28
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
658.80 kJ/mol   
39
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,174.60 kJ/mol   
32
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,581.00 kJ/mol   
5
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
11,533.00 kJ/mol   
6
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,590.00 kJ/mol   
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,530.00 kJ/mol   
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,833.00 kJ/mol   
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,575.00 kJ/mol   
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,125.00 kJ/mol   
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
76,015.00 kJ/mol   
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,280.00 kJ/mol   
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
90,880.00 kJ/mol   
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
100,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,100.00 kJ/mol   
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
129,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
137,530.00 kJ/mol   
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
90   
28
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Scandium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Vanadium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
4.51   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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