Symbol
Tm
Ti
Group Number
34
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74403047440326
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1879
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.05 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.66 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.57 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
-
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.60 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C1,660.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C3,287.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.256.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa716.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa830.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.602.40
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
35.00 %56.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Tm
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3223
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.251.54
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.251.09
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.111.32
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.251.54
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.251.38
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.752.46
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol2,652.50 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol4,174.60 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol9,581.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol11,533.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,960.00 kJ/mol13,590.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol16,440.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol18,530.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol20,833.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol25,575.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol28,125.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol76,015.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol83,280.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol90,880.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol100,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol109,100.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol117,800.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol129,900.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol137,530.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol658.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.40 eV4.33 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Number
6922
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6922
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
10026
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6922
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm147.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm160.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm295.08 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
69.00 MPa434.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa110.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa116.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.210.32
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.324.51
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,818.00 K1,941.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻