Thulium

Titanium

Thulium vs Titanium

Thulium

Titanium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA4

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.7 Block

f block

d block

1.8 Element Family

Lanthanide

Transition Metal

1.9 CAS Number

74403047440326

7429905 54386242

1.15 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.16 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.

The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Per Teodor Cleve

W. Gregor & J. Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1879

In 1791

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10^-8 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

3.1.1 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000002 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.4.10 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.4.13 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.

Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NA0.05 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.7 In Bone

NANA

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

1,545.00 °C1,660.00 °C

27 3410

6.3 Boiling Point

1,730.00 °C3,287.00 °C

147 5660

7.2 Appearance

7.2.1 Physical State

Solid

7.2.2 Color

Silvery Gray

Silvery Gray-White

7.2.3 Luster

Metallic

7.3 Hardness

7.3.1 Mohs Hardness

NA6.00

0.2 8.5

7.3.4 Brinell Hardness

471.00 MPa716.00 MPa

0.14 3490

7.5.1 Vickers Hardness

520.00 MPa830.00 MPa

121 3430

7.8 Speed of Sound

NA5,090.00 m/s

818 16200

7.11 Optical Properties

7.11.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

7.11.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

7.12 Allotropes

✔ ✘

7.12.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

7.12.3 β Allotropes

Not Available

7.12.4 γ Allotropes

Not Available

8 Chemical

8.1 Chemical Formula

8.2 Isotopes

8.2.1 Known Isotopes

3223

0 38

8.4 Electronegativity

8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.251.54

0.7 2.54

8.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.09

0.22 2.56

9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.111.32

0.86 1.82

9.2.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

9.3.2 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.38

0.659 2.7

9.4 Electropositivity

9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.752.46

1.46 3.3

9.5 Ionization Energies

9.5.1 1st Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol658.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.5.3 2nd Energy Level

1,160.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.5.5 3rd Energy Level

2,285.00 kJ/mol2,652.50 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.5.7 4th Energy Level

4,120.00 kJ/mol4,174.60 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.6.2 5th Energy Level

NA9,581.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

9.6.3 6th Energy Level

NA11,533.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

9.7.2 7th Energy level

NA13,590.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

9.7.4 8th Energy Level

NA16,440.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

9.7.6 9th Energy Level

NA18,530.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

9.7.8 10th Energy Level

NA20,833.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

9.7.10 11th Energy Level

NA25,575.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

9.7.12 12th Energy Level

NA28,125.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

9.7.14 13th Energy Level

NA76,015.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

9.7.15 14th Energy Level

NA83,280.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

9.7.17 15th Energy Level

NA90,880.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

9.7.19 16th Energy Level

NA100,700.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

9.7.21 17th Energy Level

NA109,100.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

9.7.22 18th Energy Level

NA117,800.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

9.7.24 19th Energy Level

NA129,900.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

9.7.25 20th Energy Level

NA137,530.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

9.7.26 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.7.27 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.7.29 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.7.30 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.7.31 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.7.33 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.7.34 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.7.35 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.7.36 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.7.38 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.10 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.9 Electron Work Function

NA4.33 eV

2.14 5.65

9.10 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Ionization

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

6922

3 117

10.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

10.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

10.3.1 Crystal Lattice

10.4 Atom

10.4.1 Number of Protons

6922

3 117

10.4.2 Number of Neutrons

10026

4 184

10.4.4 Number of Electrons

6922

3 117

10.5 Radius of an Atom

10.5.1 Atomic Radius

176.00 pm147.00 pm

112 265

10.5.3 Covalent Radius

160.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

10.5.4 Van der Waals Radius

NA200.00 pm

139 348

10.6 Atomic Weight

168.93 amu47.87 amu

6.94 294

10.7 Atomic Volume

18.10 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

10.8.1 Previous Element

10.8.2 Next Element

10.9 Valence Electron Potential

49.70 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)

8 392.42

10.10 Lattice Constant

353.75 pm295.08 pm

228.58 891.25

10.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57NA

1.567 1.886

11 Mechanical

11.1 Density

11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

9.32 g/cm³4.51 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

8.56 g/cm34.11 g/cm3

0.512 20

11.2 Tensile Strength

NA434.00 MPa

2.5 11000

11.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

11.4 Vapor Pressure

11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.06 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

11.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.98 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

11.5 Elasticity properties

11.5.1 Shear Modulus

30.50 GPa44.00 GPa

1.3 222

11.5.2 Bulk Modulus

44.50 GPa110.00 GPa

1.6 462

11.5.4 Young's Modulus

74.00 GPa116.00 GPa

1.7 528

11.6 Poisson Ratio

0.210.32

0.032 0.47

11.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Ductile

12 Magnetic

12.1 Magnetic Characteristics

12.1.1 Specific Gravity

9.324.51

0.53 4500

12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

12.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.5 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Electrical Properties

12.2.2 Electrical Property

Conductor

Poor Conductor

12.2.3 Resistivity

676.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.2.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.3.1 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.16 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.3 Molar Heat Capacity

27.03 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

14.2 Thermal Conductivity

16.90 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

14.6 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

14.7 Thermal Expansion

13.30 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

14.8 Enthalpy

14.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

191.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

14.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

16.80 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

14.9.2 Enthalpy of Atomization

247.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

14.10 Standard Molar Entropy

74.00 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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