Thulium

Vanadium

Thulium Vanadium Comparison

Thulium

Vanadium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NA5

0 17

2.4 Period Number

2 7

2.6 Block

f block

d block

2.7 Element Family

Lanthanide

Transition Metal

2.8 CAS Number

74403047440622

7429905 54386242

2.13 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Im_ 3m

2.14 Space Group Number

194.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.

Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.

2.3 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.4 History

2.4.1 Who Discovered

Per Teodor Cleve

Andrés Manuel del Río

2.4.2 Discovery

In 1879

In 1801

2.5 Abundance

2.5.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10^-8 %1 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.8.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000002 %~0.00004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.11.2 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

2.12.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.02 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.2.2 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

1.2.2 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

2 Uses

2.1 Uses & Benefits

Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.

Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.

2.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

2.1.2 Medical Uses

2.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

Alloys

2.2 Biological Properties

2.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Toxic

2.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

2.2.3 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

1.1.1 In Bone

NA0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

2 Physical

2.1 Melting Point

1,545.00 °C1,890.00 °C

27 3410

2.7 Boiling Point

1,730.00 °C3,380.00 °C

147 5660

2.10 Appearance

2.10.1 Physical State

Solid

2.10.2 Color

Silvery Gray

Blue-Silver Grey

2.10.3 Luster

Metallic

2.11 Hardness

2.11.1 Mohs Hardness

NA6.70

0.2 8.5

2.15.1 Brinell Hardness

471.00 MPa600.00 MPa

0.14 3490

2.19.1 Vickers Hardness

520.00 MPa628.00 MPa

121 3430

2.20 Speed of Sound

NA4,560.00 m/s

818 16200

2.21 Optical Properties

2.21.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

2.22.1 Reflectivity

NA61.00 %

58 97

1.5 Allotropes

✔ ✘

1.5.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

1.5.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

1.5.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

2 Chemical

2.1 Chemical Formula

2.2 Isotopes

2.2.1 Known Isotopes

3222

0 38

2.6 Electronegativity

2.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.251.63

0.7 2.54

2.12.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.39

0.22 2.56

2.15.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.111.45

0.86 1.82

3.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

1.2.6 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.53

0.659 2.7

1.3 Electropositivity

1.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.752.37

1.46 3.3

1.4 Ionization Energies

1.4.1 1st Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

1.4.4 2nd Energy Level

1,160.00 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

1.4.8 3rd Energy Level

2,285.00 kJ/mol2,830.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

2.2.5 4th Energy Level

4,120.00 kJ/mol4,507.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

3.1.1 5th Energy Level

NA6,298.70 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

3.2.2 6th Energy Level

NA12,363.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

3.3.3 7th Energy level

NA14,530.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

3.4.4 8th Energy Level

NA16,730.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

3.4.6 9th Energy Level

NA19,860.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

3.4.8 10th Energy Level

NA22,240.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

3.5.1 11th Energy Level

NA24,670.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

3.5.4 12th Energy Level

NA29,730.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

3.6.2 13th Energy Level

NA32,446.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

3.7.1 14th Energy Level

NA86,450.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

4.3.1 15th Energy Level

NA94,170.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.1.1 16th Energy Level

NA102,300.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.1.2 17th Energy Level

NA112,700.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.4.2 18th Energy Level

NA121,600.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

5.4.4 19th Energy Level

NA130,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

5.4.7 20th Energy Level

NA143,400.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

5.4.9 21st Energy Level

NA151,440.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

5.5.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.3 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.6 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.8 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.7.1 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.7.2 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.9.1 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.9.2 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.11.1 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.13 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.10 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.16 Electron Work Function

NA4.30 eV

2.14 5.65

6.2 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

7 Atomic

7.1 Atomic Number

6923

3 117

7.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²

[Ar] 3d³ 4s²

7.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

7.3.2 Crystal Lattice

7.4 Atom

7.4.1 Number of Protons

6923

3 117

7.6.1 Number of Neutrons

10028

4 184

7.7.2 Number of Electrons

6923

3 117

7.8 Radius of an Atom

7.8.1 Atomic Radius

176.00 pm134.00 pm

112 265

7.9.2 Covalent Radius

160.00 pm153.00 pm

96 260

7.9.4 Van der Waals Radius

NA200.00 pm

139 348

7.10 Atomic Weight

168.93 amu50.94 amu

6.94 294

7.11 Atomic Volume

18.10 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

7.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

7.13.1 Previous Element

7.13.2 Next Element

7.14 Valence Electron Potential

49.70 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

8.2 Lattice Constant

353.75 pm303.00 pm

228.58 891.25

8.3 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

8.4 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57NA

1.567 1.886

9 Mechanical

9.1 Density

9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

9.32 g/cm³6.00 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

9.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

8.56 g/cm35.50 g/cm3

0.512 20

9.3 Tensile Strength

NA800.00 MPa

2.5 11000

9.4 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

10.2 Vapor Pressure

10.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.06 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

10.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.23 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

10.4 Elasticity properties

10.4.1 Shear Modulus

30.50 GPa47.00 GPa

1.3 222

10.5.2 Bulk Modulus

44.50 GPa160.00 GPa

1.6 462

10.7.1 Young's Modulus

74.00 GPa128.00 GPa

1.7 528

10.9 Poisson Ratio

0.210.37

0.032 0.47

10.11 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

11 Magnetic

11.1 Magnetic Characteristics

11.1.1 Specific Gravity

9.325.96

0.53 4500

11.2.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

11.2.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.2 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Electrical Properties

12.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Superconductor

12.3.1 Resistivity

676.00 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.6.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω0.05 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.6.3 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.16 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.3 Molar Heat Capacity

27.03 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

13.4 Thermal Conductivity

16.90 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K

6.3 429

13.6 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

13.8 Thermal Expansion

13.30 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

13.11 Enthalpy

13.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

191.00 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

13.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

16.80 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

13.14.1 Enthalpy of Atomization

247.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

14.2 Standard Molar Entropy

74.00 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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