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Vanadium
Vanadium

Praseodymium
Praseodymium



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Vanadium
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Praseodymium

Vanadium Praseodymium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
V
Pr
1.2 Group Number
5NA
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74406227440100
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1801
In 1885
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Moderately Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C935.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C3,130.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Grayish White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.70NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa481.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa400.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s2,280.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
61.00 %NA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
V
Pr
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2231
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.631.13
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.451.07
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.372.87
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol527.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,020.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol2,086.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol3,761.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol5,551.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr1.75 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.30 eV2.70 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2359
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2359
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
2882
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2359
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm182.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm203.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm239.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu140.91 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol20.80 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm367.25 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.61
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm36.50 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
800.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)13.20 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa14.80 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa28.80 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa37.30 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.370.28
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.966.77
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m0.70 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K12.50 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)6.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol296.80 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol6.89 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol368.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1