1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74406227439921
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1801
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.3.2 Abundance In Oceans
1.6.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.21 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.30.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C327.50 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C1,740.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa38.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.6 Vickers Hardness
5.3 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s1,190.00 m/s
818
16200
2.2 Optical Properties
2.2.1 Refractive Index
1.3.1 Reflectivity
1.8 Allotropes
1.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
3.8 Electronegativity
3.8.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.6.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.0.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.3 Electropositivity
8.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol715.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.1.2 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,450.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol3,081.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.5 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol4,083.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.2.4 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol6,640.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.4.3 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
10.5.6 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.2.5 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.3.5 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.5.4 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.5.9 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
11.6.2 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
11.7.5 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
11.7.11 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
11.7.14 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
11.7.18 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
11.7.22 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
11.7.25 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
11.7.29 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
11.7.33 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
11.7.36 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
11.7.39 22nd Energy Level
11.7.43 23rd Energy Level
11.7.45 24th Energy Level
11.7.48 25th Energy Level
11.7.51 26th Energy Level
11.7.54 27th Energy Level
11.7.56 28th Energy Level
11.8.2 29th Energy Level
11.8.3 30th Energy Level
11.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr3.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.10 Electron Work Function
11.12 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
13.1.2 Number of Neutrons
13.1.6 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm175.00 pm
112
265
13.6.1 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
13.6.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm202.00 pm
139
348
13.8 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu207.20 amu
6.94
294
14.2 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol18.17 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.6.1 Previous Element
14.6.2 Next Element
14.7 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)24.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.8 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm495.08 pm
228.58
891.25
14.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm311.34 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm310.66 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.3 Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa12.00 MPa
2.5
11000
15.4 Viscosity
15.6 Vapor Pressure
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.6.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.9 Elasticity properties
15.9.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa5.60 GPa
1.3
222
15.11.1 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa46.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.12.1 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa16.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.16 Poisson Ratio
16.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
17.1.4 Permeability
17.3.2 Susceptibility
17.5 Electrical Properties
17.5.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Poor Conductor
17.5.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m208.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.9.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.9.4 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol35.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K26.65 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.2 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K35.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.4 Critical Temperature
20.8 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)28.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
21.2 Enthalpy
21.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol179.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
21.3.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol4.77 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
21.5.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol194.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K64.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1