1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74406447440235
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.1.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.4.2 In Bone
NA10,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C97.72 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C883.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.1 Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa0.69 MPa
0.14
3490
6.6.3 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s3,200.00 m/s
818
16200
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.5.2 Reflectivity
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol495.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol4,562.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol6,910.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol9,543.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
NA13,354.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.7.11 6th Energy Level
NA16,613.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.7.13 7th Energy level
NA20,117.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
NA25,496.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NA28,932.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
NA141,362.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
NA159,076.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
8.7.24 13th Energy Level
8.7.25 14th Energy Level
8.7.27 15th Energy Level
8.7.29 16th Energy Level
8.7.31 17th Energy Level
8.7.33 18th Energy Level
8.7.34 19th Energy Level
8.7.36 20th Energy Level
8.7.37 21st Energy Level
8.7.39 22nd Energy Level
8.7.40 23rd Energy Level
8.7.42 24th Energy Level
8.7.44 25th Energy Level
8.7.46 26th Energy Level
8.7.47 27th Energy Level
8.7.49 28th Energy Level
8.7.51 29th Energy Level
8.7.52 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr0.86 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
9.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.4 Number of Neutrons
9.5.1 Number of Electrons
9.6 Radius of an Atom
9.6.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
9.7.1 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm166.00 pm
96
260
9.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm227.00 pm
139
348
10.2 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu22.99 amu
6.94
294
10.3 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol23.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.7.1 Previous Element
10.7.2 Next Element
10.8 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)14.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.9 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm429.06 pm
228.58
891.25
10.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm30.97 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm30.93 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.3 Tensile Strength
11.4 Viscosity
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.6 Elasticity properties
11.6.1 Shear Modulus
11.7.1 Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa6.30 GPa
1.6
462
11.8.1 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa10.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.11 Poisson Ratio
11.13 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.3.2 Permeability
13.1.2 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m47.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.4.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol52.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)1.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K28.23 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.4 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K142.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.5 Critical Temperature
26.30 K2,573.00 K
26.3
3223
14.6 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)71.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.7 Enthalpy
14.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol89.04 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.8.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol2.59 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.1.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol108.40 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.2 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K51.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1