1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74402357440600
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Marc Delafontaine
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.4.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
2.5.3 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
1.0.1 In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.NA
0
170000
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
97.72 °C1,461.00 °C
27
3410
3.6 Boiling Point
883.00 °C2,600.00 °C
147
5660
3.8 Appearance
3.9.1 Physical State
3.9.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
3.10.1 Luster
3.11 Hardness
3.11.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.1 Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa746.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.4 Vickers Hardness
6.5 Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
6.7 Optical Properties
6.7.1 Refractive Index
6.9.2 Reflectivity
7.3 Allotropes
7.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.1.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.2.4 Allen Electronegativity
10.6 Electropositivity
10.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.2 Ionization Energies
12.2.1 1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.2.3 2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.4.1 3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.4.4 4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol4,100.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.7.3 5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
12.7.4 6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
12.8.4 7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.8.6 8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
13.2.2 9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
13.2.4 10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
13.5.2 11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
13.7.2 12th Energy Level
13.7.6 13th Energy Level
14.2.3 14th Energy Level
14.3.2 15th Energy Level
14.3.6 16th Energy Level
14.3.8 17th Energy Level
14.4.2 18th Energy Level
14.5.2 19th Energy Level
14.5.5 20th Energy Level
14.5.7 21st Energy Level
14.5.10 22nd Energy Level
14.5.12 23rd Energy Level
14.5.14 24th Energy Level
14.6.3 25th Energy Level
14.7.2 26th Energy Level
14.7.5 27th Energy Level
14.7.8 28th Energy Level
14.7.11 29th Energy Level
14.7.15 30th Energy Level
14.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.9 Electron Work Function
14.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
15.2 Electron Configuration
15.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
15.3.1 Crystal Lattice
15.4 Atom
15.4.1 Number of Protons
15.4.5 Number of Neutrons
15.4.9 Number of Electrons
15.5 Radius of an Atom
15.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
15.5.4 Covalent Radius
166.00 pm192.00 pm
96
260
15.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
15.7 Atomic Weight
22.99 amu164.93 amu
6.94
294
15.9 Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol18.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.2.1 Previous Element
16.2.2 Next Element
16.3 Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)47.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
16.7 Lattice Constant
429.06 pm357.73 pm
228.58
891.25
16.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
16.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm38.79 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm38.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
17.2 Tensile Strength
17.4 Viscosity
17.5 Vapor Pressure
17.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
17.5.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.7 Elasticity properties
17.7.1 Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa26.30 GPa
1.3
222
17.8.1 Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa40.20 GPa
1.6
462
17.10.2 Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa64.80 GPa
1.7
528
17.12 Poisson Ratio
17.15 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.1.3 Permeability
19.1.6 Susceptibility
19.2 Electrical Properties
19.2.1 Electrical Property
19.2.2 Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m814.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
19.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.5.3 Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.3 Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K27.15 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.4 Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K16.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.5 Critical Temperature
20.6 Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)11.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.9 Enthalpy
20.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol241.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
21.1.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol11.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
21.1.8 Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.4 Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K75.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1