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Magnesium
Magnesium




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What is Magnesium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Mg

1.2 Group Number

2
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

3
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

1.6 CAS Number

7439954
Rank: 83 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.

2.2 Sources

By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Joseph Black

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1755

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10-2 %
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.07 %
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

12.00 %
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

2.90 %
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.13 %
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.03 %
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

83% - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

1,800.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

650.00 °C
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,107.00 °C
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

NA

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.50
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

260.00 MPa
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

4,940.00 m/s
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

74.00 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Mg

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

15
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.31
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.32
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.23
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.37
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.29
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.69
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

737.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,450.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

7,732.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

10,542.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

13,630.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

18,020.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

21,711.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

25,661.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

31,653.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

35,458.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

169,988.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

189,368.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.45 g/amp-hr
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

3.66 eV
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

12
Rank: 89 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Ne] 3s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

12
Rank: 88 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

12
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

12
Rank: 88 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

160.00 pm
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

141.00 pm
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

173.00 pm
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

24.31 amu
Rank: 83 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

13.97 cm3/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

40.00 (-eV)
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

320.94 pm
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.74 g/cm3
Rank: 79 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.58 g/cm3
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

17.00 GPa
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

45.00 GPa
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

45.00 GPa
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.29
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

1.74
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

43.90 nΩ·m
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.23 106/cm Ω
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

1.02 J/(kg K)
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.87 J/mol·K
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

156.00 W/m·K
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

24.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

128.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

8.95 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

148.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

32.70 J/mol.K
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1