Symbol
Ti
Li
Group Number
41
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
42
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
74403267439932
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1791
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C180.54 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C1,347.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray-White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.000.60
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa5.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa5.30 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s6,000.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.401.35
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
56.00 %95.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ti
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
238
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.540.98
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.090.89
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.320.97
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.540.97
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.380.91
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.463.02
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol5,202.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol730.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol5,202.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol52,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol52,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV2.90 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
223
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
223
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
264
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
223
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm152.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm128.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm182.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu6.94 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm351.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.62
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm30.51 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa60.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)109.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa4.20 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa11.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa4.90 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.320.36
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.510.53
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol59.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K3,223.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻