1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74406557440224
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.44 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,523.00 °C961.93 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C2,212.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa251.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol2,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol3,361.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr4.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm144.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
190.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm172.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
88.91 amu107.87 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol10.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)11.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
364.74 pm408.53 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm310.49 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
1.3 Viscosity
1.4 Vapor Pressure
1.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
1.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.8 Elasticity properties
1.9.1 Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
1.11.1 Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa100.00 GPa
1.6
462
1.11.2 Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa83.00 GPa
1.7
528
1.12 Poisson Ratio
1.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
2.1.3 Permeability
2.1.4 Susceptibility
2.2 Electrical Properties
2.2.1 Electrical Property
2.2.2 Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m15.87 nΩ·m
0.18
961
2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.63 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.2.4 Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol125.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
3.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K25.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
3.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K429.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.4 Critical Temperature
3.5 Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)18.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.6 Enthalpy
3.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol255.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
3.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol11.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol284.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
3.7 Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K42.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1