×

Zirconium
Zirconium

Thorium
Thorium



ADD
Compare
X
Zirconium
X
Thorium

Zirconium Thorium Comparison

Add ⊕
1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Zr
Th
1.2 Group Number
40
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.5 Period Number
57
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.7 Block
d block
f block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.9 CAS Number
74406777440326
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
2.3 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1789
In 1829
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %3 * 10-4 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
3.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.05 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.6.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.66 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.7.3 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.4 In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,852.00 °C1,750.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
5.3 Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C4,790.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silver
6.2.3 Luster
Lustrous
NA
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
5.003.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
6.3.4 Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa390.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
6.4.3 Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa295.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
6.5 Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s2,490.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
7.3.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
7.5 Allotropes
7.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Zr
Th
8.3 Isotopes
8.3.1 Known Isotopes
2428
Tennessine Metal
0 38
8.5 Electronegativity
8.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.331.30
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
8.6.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
8.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.221.11
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.7.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
8.7.3 Allen Electronegativity
1.32NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
8.8 Electropositivity
8.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.672.70
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
8.9 Ionization Energies
8.9.1 1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol587.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
8.9.2 2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol1,110.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
8.9.3 3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol1,978.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
8.9.4 4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol2,780.00 kJ/mol
Tin
2780 37066
8.9.5 5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
8.9.6 6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
8.9.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
8.9.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
8.9.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
8.9.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
8.9.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
8.9.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
8.9.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
8.9.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
8.9.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
8.9.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
8.9.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
8.9.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
8.9.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
8.9.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
8.9.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
8.9.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.9.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.9.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.9.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
8.9.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
8.9.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
8.9.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
8.9.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
8.9.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
8.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr2.16 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
8.11 Electron Work Function
4.05 eV3.41 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
4090
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
4090
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
51142
Lithium Metal
4 184
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
4090
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm179.80 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pm206.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm237.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
9.6 Atomic Weight
91.22 amu232.04 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
9.7 Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
323.20 pm508.42 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm311.72 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
10.2 Tensile Strength
330.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
10.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa31.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa54.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa79.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
0.340.27
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.5111.70
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
11.2.2 Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m157.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K26.23 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K54.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
12.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
12.5 Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)11.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1