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Zirconium
Zirconium

Berkelium
Berkelium



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Zirconium
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Zirconium vs Berkelium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Zr
Bk
1.2 Group Number
4NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
57
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74406777440406
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1789
In 1949
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
NA
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,852.00 °C986.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C2,627.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Zr
Bk
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2414
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.331.30
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.221.20
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.322.70
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.672.70
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol601.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol1,186.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol2,152.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol3,434.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.05 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
4097
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
4097
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
51150
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
4097
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
91.22 amu247.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)45.50 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
323.20 pm341.60 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm314.78 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm313.25 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
330.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
33.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
88.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.34NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.5114.00
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1