Zirconium

Zinc

Zirconium vs Zinc

Zirconium

Zinc

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

412

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

2.4 Block

d block

2.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

2.6 CAS Number

74406777440666

7429905 54386242

2.10 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

2.11 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.

3.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Indian metallurgists

3.3.2 Discovery

In 1789

Before 1000 BCE

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-6 %3 * 10^-5 %

5E-09 0.11

4.6.1 Abundance In Sun

~0.000004 %~0.0002 %

1E-08 0.1

6.7.4 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.02 %

1.7E-07 22

1.2.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

1.3.1 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

1.2.2 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

2 Uses

2.1 Uses & Benefits

As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.

Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.

It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.

2.1.2 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

2.1.3 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

2.1.4 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

Alloys

2.2 Biological Properties

2.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

2.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

2.2.3 In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-37.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

2.10.1 In Bone

0.10 p.p.m.170.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

3 Physical

3.1 Melting Point

1,852.00 °C419.58 °C

27 3410

6.5 Boiling Point

4,377.00 °C907.00 °C

147 5660

7.4 Appearance

7.4.1 Physical State

Solid

7.4.2 Color

Silvery White

Silvery Gray

7.4.3 Luster

Lustrous

Metallic

7.5 Hardness

7.5.1 Mohs Hardness

5.002.50

0.2 8.5

7.7.6 Brinell Hardness

638.00 MPa327.00 MPa

0.14 3490

8.4.5 Vickers Hardness

820.00 MPaNA

121 3430

8.8 Speed of Sound

3,800.00 m/s3,850.00 m/s

818 16200

10.2 Optical Properties

10.2.1 Refractive Index

NA1.00

1.000933 1.7229

11.1.4 Reflectivity

NA80.00 %

58 97

13.2 Allotropes

✔ ✘

13.2.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

13.2.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

13.2.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

14 Chemical

14.1 Chemical Formula

14.2 Isotopes

14.2.1 Known Isotopes

2425

0 38

15.4 Electronegativity

15.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.331.65

0.7 2.54

16.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.902.23

0.22 2.56

16.4.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.221.66

0.86 1.82

16.7.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.65

0.62 2.48

16.8.3 Allen Electronegativity

1.321.59

0.659 2.7

16.15 Electropositivity

16.15.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.672.35

1.46 3.3

18.3 Ionization Energies

18.3.1 1st Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol906.40 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

19.3.3 2nd Energy Level

1,270.00 kJ/mol1,733.30 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

19.6.1 3rd Energy Level

2,218.00 kJ/mol3,833.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

23.10.2 4th Energy Level

3,313.00 kJ/mol5,731.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

23.11.3 5th Energy Level

7,752.00 kJ/mol7,970.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

23.13.1 6th Energy Level

9,500.00 kJ/mol10,400.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

23.14.3 7th Energy level

NA12,900.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

23.15.3 8th Energy Level

NA16,800.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

23.18.1 9th Energy Level

NA19,600.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

24.1.2 10th Energy Level

NA23,000.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

24.2.4 11th Energy Level

NA26,400.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

24.3.1 12th Energy Level

NA29,990.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

25.2.1 13th Energy Level

NA40,490.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

25.3.1 14th Energy Level

NA43,800.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

25.7.3 15th Energy Level

NA47,300.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

25.7.8 16th Energy Level

NA52,300.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

25.7.12 17th Energy Level

NA55,900.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

25.8.3 18th Energy Level

NA59,700.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

25.8.8 19th Energy Level

NA67,300.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

25.8.10 20th Energy Level

NA171,200.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

25.9.3 21st Energy Level

NA179,100.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

25.9.5 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

25.10.1 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

25.10.3 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

25.12.1 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

26.1.1 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

27.1.3 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

27.5.1 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

1.2.3 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.4.2 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.85 g/amp-hr1.22 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

1.11 Electron Work Function

4.05 eV4.33 eV

2.14 5.65

1.16 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

2 Atomic

2.1 Atomic Number

4030

3 117

3.3 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d² 5s²

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²

3.4 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

3.4.1 Crystal Lattice

3.5 Atom

3.5.1 Number of Protons

4030

3 117

5.3.2 Number of Neutrons

5135

4 184

5.4.2 Number of Electrons

4030

3 117

5.9 Radius of an Atom

5.9.1 Atomic Radius

160.00 pm134.00 pm

112 265

6.2.2 Covalent Radius

175.00 pm122.00 pm

96 260

6.4.1 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm139.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

91.22 amu65.38 amu

6.94 294

7.4 Atomic Volume

14.10 cm3/mol9.20 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

8.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

8.3.1 Previous Element

8.3.2 Next Element

8.4 Valence Electron Potential

80.00 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)

8 392.42

8.8 Lattice Constant

323.20 pm266.49 pm

228.58 891.25

8.10 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

9.2 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.59NA

1.567 1.886

10 Mechanical

10.1 Density

10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

6.52 g/cm³7.14 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

11.6.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.80 g/cm36.57 g/cm3

0.512 20

12.5 Tensile Strength

330.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

12.8 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

12.10 Vapor Pressure

12.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

12.11.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

12.13 Elasticity properties

12.13.1 Shear Modulus

33.00 GPa43.00 GPa

1.3 222

12.17.1 Bulk Modulus

91.10 GPa70.00 GPa

1.6 462

14.3.1 Young's Modulus

88.00 GPa108.00 GPa

1.7 528

14.9 Poisson Ratio

0.340.25

0.032 0.47

17.3 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

18 Magnetic

18.1 Magnetic Characteristics

18.1.1 Specific Gravity

6.516.90

0.53 4500

18.2.1 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

18.2.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

18.5.2 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

18.9 Electrical Properties

18.9.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

18.9.2 Resistivity

421.00 nΩ·m59.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

18.14.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω0.17 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

18.17.1 Electron Affinity

41.10 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

20 Thermal

20.1 Specific Heat

0.27 J/(kg K)0.39 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

20.3 Molar Heat Capacity

25.36 J/mol·K25.47 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

20.6 Thermal Conductivity

22.60 W/m·K116.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

21.2 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

21.4 Thermal Expansion

5.70 µm/(m·K)30.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

21.7 Enthalpy

21.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

581.60 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

21.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion

20.90 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

21.12.2 Enthalpy of Atomization

598.00 kJ/mol129.70 kJ/mol

61.5 837

22.4 Standard Molar Entropy

39.00 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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