Hafnium vs Titanium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf
Ti
Group Number
4
14
4
14
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440586
30
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1922
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
31
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C
10
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C
5
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa
6
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa
5
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s
27
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.32
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.16
37
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol
40
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
Not Available
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
Not Available
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV
27
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
72
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
106
29
26
99+
Number of Electrons
72
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu
39
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol
38
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)
16
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
12
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3
26
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3
12
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa
8
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa
25
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.31
18
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m
14
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K
36
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K
99+
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol
5
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol
8
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol
5
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K
34
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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