Gadolinium mungsuh Panerapan
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Gd
Ga
Panggil Group
0
18
13
5
Panggil periode
6
4
Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
lanthanide
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440542
33
7440553
32
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
Cmca
Space Group Number
194.00
5
64.00
9
facts
Facts Interesting
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
- A gram saka logam Gallium bisa tuku mung telung dolar.
- Panerapan logam ketemu ing ores bab ing ngisor iki Coal, Bauksit, Diaspore, sphalerite, germanite lan Seng.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
ing taun 1880
ing taun 1875
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000004 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
24
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
22
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
- Panerapan arsenida punika komponèn penting banget akeh semikonduktor lan manufaktur mimpin.
- Panerapan nitride uga ngerti minangka semikonduktor lan digunakake ing teknologi Blu-ray, Smartphone mobile lan LED.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
Sang
ora Sumadhiya
0.08 Sang / mg dm-3
13
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,311.00 ° C
35
29.78 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 ° C
25
2,403.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
perak Putih
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya
1.50
18
Brinell atose
ora Sumadhiya
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers atose
510.00 MPa
22
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
2,680.00 m / s
34
2,740.00 m / s
31
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Gd
Ga
isotop
Isotop dikenal
26
13
24
15
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.20
39
1.81
15
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.01
5
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80
15
2.19
39
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
593.40 kJ / mol
99+
578.80 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,170.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ / mol
13
Level Energy 3rd
1,990.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ / mol
28
Level Energy 4
4,250.00 kJ / mol
30
6,180.00 kJ / mol
8
padha karo elektrokimia
1.96 g / amp-day
32
0.87 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
3.10 eV
35
4.20 eV
23
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
64
99+
31
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Orthorhombic (Orth)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
64
99+
31
99+
Jumlah Neutron
93
37
39
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
64
99+
31
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
180.00 pm
14
135.00 pm
99+
kovalen Radius
196.00 pm
14
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
187.00 pm
32
Bobot atom
47.87 Amu
99+
69.72 Amu
99+
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
11.80 cm3 / mol
99+
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
46.10 (-eV)
34
69.70 (-eV)
19
Constant pola
363.60 pm
32
451.97 pm
18
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
1.59
9
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.90 g / cm 3
99+
5.91 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
7.40 g / cm3
31
6.10 g / cm3
99+
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
0.00 (Pa)
15
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)
9
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
21.80 GPA
33
ora Sumadhiya
pengaturan akeh
37.90 GPA
34
ora Sumadhiya
Young kang pengaturan
54.80 GPA
35
9.80 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.26
23
0.47
1
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
7.90
40
5.91
99+
Nindakake Magnetic
Ferromagnetic
diamagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Semiconductor
resistivity
1.31 nΩ · m
99+
270.00 nΩ · m
15
konduktivitas listrik
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
29
elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol
21
28.90 kJ / mol
31
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.23 J / (kg K)
27
0.37 J / (kg K)
16
Graham Kapasitas kalor
37.03 J / mol · K
2
25.86 J / mol · K
35
doyo termal
10.60 W / m · K
99+
40.60 W / m · K
34
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
9.40 μm / (m · K)
99+
18.00 μm / (m · K)
24
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
359.40 kJ / mol
21
256.10 kJ / mol
36
Enthalpy saka Fusion
10.05 kJ / mol
36
5.59 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
352.00 kJ / mol
27
276.10 kJ / mol
39
Standard molar Entropy
68.10 J / mol.K
16
40.80 J / mol.K
38
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