Livermorium

thorium

Livermorium mungsuh thorium

Livermorium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

160

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

p pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

Transisi mbokmenawa Post-

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

541007197440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

ora Sumadhiya

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

ora Sumadhiya194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

ora Cepak

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

sintetik Diprodhuksi

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 2000

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

ora Sumadhiya3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

ora Sumadhiya0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

ora Sumadhiya0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Efesus saiki dikenal saka logam Livermorium sing winates kanggo riset waé mung.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

tujuan Research

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Unknown

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiya0.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

ora Sumadhiya1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

ora Sumadhiya4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Unknown

Silver

4.3.3 luster

Unknown Luster

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiya3.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiya390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiya2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

528

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya1.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya1.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

ora Sumadhiya2.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

723.60 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,331.50 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,846.30 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

3,811.20 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

6,078.60 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

ora Sumadhiya2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiya3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

11690

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Rn] 5F ¹⁴ 6D ¹⁰ 7s ² 7p ⁴

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

ora Lake

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

11690

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

160142

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

11690

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

ora Sumadhiya179.80 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

ora Sumadhiya206.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

ora Sumadhiya237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

293.00 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

ora Sumadhiya19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

ora Sumadhiya59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

ora Sumadhiya508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

ora Sumadhiya11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya31.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya54.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya79.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.27

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

Unknown

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

ora Sumadhiya11.70

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Unknown

superconductor

8.2.2 resistivity

ora Sumadhiya157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

ora Sumadhiya0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

ora Sumadhiya0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

ora Sumadhiya26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

ora Sumadhiya54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

ora Sumadhiya11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

ora Sumadhiya429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

ora Sumadhiya15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

ora Sumadhiya468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

ora Sumadhiya27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

Mbandhingaké Metals Sintetis

Livermorium mungsuh hassium

Livermorium mungsuh Bohrium

Livermorium mungsuh rutherfordium

Metals Sintetis