berkelium

polonium

mbandhingaké berkelium lan polonium

berkelium

polonium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiya16

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

pemblokiran f

p pemblokiran

1.5 Family unsur

actinide

Transisi Post-

1.6 CAS Number

74404067440086

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

Pm-3M

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00221.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

X-ray Diffraction- senyawa sing beda saka logam Berkelium sing dikenali nggunakake.

komersial saka logam Berkelium sing durung ditemokake.

Polonium unsur radioaktif sing pisanan ditemokaké.

unsur polonium lan senyawa Highly radioaktif.

Sawijining logam campuran karo Beryllium menehi sumber neutron.

2.2 sumber

Némbakaké Americium karo Alpha partikel.

Mining, Ores logam

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1949

ing taun 1898

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

logam iki arang banget lan wis ora komersial.

Polonium logam allotropes beda, kang digunakake ing piranti antistatic lan kanggo riset waé.

A 1 gram saka Polonium bisa tekan suhu 500 ° C, Empu kang digunakake minangka sumber panas kanggo peralatan papan.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Unknown

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.00 ppm0.00 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

986.00 ° C254.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,627.00 ° C962.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

α-polonium

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

β-polonium

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

1429

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.302.00

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.201.76

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya2.48

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

2.702.19

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.00

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

601.00 kJ / mol812.10 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

1.2.2 Level Energy 2

1,186.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

710.2162 28750

1.3.2 Level Energy 3rd

2,152.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

1600 34230

1.3.5 Level Energy 4

3,434.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

2780 37066

1.3.7 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

1.3.8 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

1.3.10 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

1.4.2 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

1.5.2 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

1.5.3 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

1.5.5 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

1.5.7 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

1.5.9 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

1.5.11 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

1.5.13 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

1.5.15 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

1.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

1.5.19 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

1.5.21 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

1.5.23 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

1.5.25 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

1.5.26 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

1.5.28 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

1.5.29 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

1.5.31 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

1.5.32 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

1.5.34 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

1.5.36 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

1.5.37 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

1.5.39 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

1.6 padha karo elektrokimia

3.07 g / amp-day3.90 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

1.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

1.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

2 atom

2.1 Panggil atom

9784

3 117

2.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Rn] 5F ⁹ 7s ²

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ¹⁰ 6s ² 6p ⁴

2.3 Struktur Crystal

Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)

Pénguapan (Mon)

2.3.1 Crystal pola

2.4 atom

2.4.1 Jumlah proton

9784

3 117

2.4.4 Jumlah Neutron

150125

4 184

2.4.7 Jumlah Èlèktron

9784

3 117

2.5 Radius saka Atom

2.5.1 Radius atom

170.00 pm168.00 pm

112 265

2.5.4 kovalen Radius

ora Sumadhiya140.00 pm

96 260

2.5.6 Van der Waals Radius

ora Sumadhiya197.00 pm

139 348

2.7 Bobot atom

247.00 Amu209.00 Amu

6.94 294

2.10 Volume atom

ora Sumadhiya22.23 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

2.11 Nomer atom jejer

2.11.1 unsur Previous

2.11.2 Sabanjure unsur

2.12 Potensi Valence Electron

45.50 (-eV)ora Sumadhiya

8 392.42

2.13 Constant pola

341.60 pm335.90 pm

228.58 891.25

2.14 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.15 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

3 Teknik

3.1 Kapadhetan

3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

14.78 g / cm ³9.20 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

13.25 g / cm39.40 g / cm3

0.512 20

3.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

3.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 meksa beluk

3.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

3.5 situs kelenturan

3.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.3 222

3.5.2 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.032 0.47

3.7 Properties Teknik liyane

4 Magnetic

4.1 Ciri Magnetic

4.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

14.009.32

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

nonmagnetic

4.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Properties Listrik

4.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

4.2.2 resistivity

ora Sumadhiya0.40 nΩ · m

0.18 961

4.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

ora Sumadhiya0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 elektron Affinity

ora Sumadhiya183.30 kJ / mol

0 222.8

5 termal

5.1 Kalor tartamtu

ora Sumadhiya0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

ora Sumadhiya26.40 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

5.3 doyo termal

10.00 W / m · K20.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

5.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

5.5 Expansion termal

ora Sumadhiya23.50 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

5.6 enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

ora Sumadhiya60.30 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

ora Sumadhiya13.00 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

ora Sumadhiya134.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

5.7 Standard molar Entropy

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

9.5 198.1

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