mbandhingaké tembaga lan thorium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Cu
Th
Panggil Group
11
7
0
18
Panggil periode
4
7
Block
d block
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
transisi Metal
actinide
CAS Number
7440508
37
7440326
99+
Jeneng papan Group
Fm_ 3M
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Tembaga arang ditemokaké ing wangun murni ing alam.
- Tembaga Sulfat biasane digunakake ing racun tetanèn lan minangka algicide ing sistem banyu dimurnèkaké.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Unknown
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
Ing Timur Tengah (9000 SM)
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.01 %
13
0.05 %
11
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.01 %
17
0.66 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
15
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %
9
ora Sumadhiya
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- Iku digunakake kanggo koin lan bullion.
- Akèh unsur tembaga digunakake ing Manufaktur Alat listrik lan elektronik kayata wirings lan komponen. Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing construction lan mesin industri.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
Industri Kimia, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi, koin, Jewellery
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
1.01 Sang / mg dm-3
8
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ing Bone
26.00 ppm
12
0.02 ppm
29
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,084.62 ° C
40
1,750.00 ° C
17
Boiling Point
2,562.00 ° C
99+
4,790.00 ° C
8
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
tembaga
Silver
luster
NA
NA
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
3.00
12
Brinell atose
235.00 MPa
38
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers atose
343.00 MPa
28
295.00 MPa
29
Kacepetan swara
3,810.00 m / s
19
2,490.00 m / s
36
Properties Optical
reflectivity
90.00 %
3
ora Sumadhiya
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Cu
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
29
10
28
11
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.90
11
1.30
32
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.98
9
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.75
3
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
1.49
14
ora Sumadhiya
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.85
9
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
745.50 kJ / mol
22
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,957.90 kJ / mol
15
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
3,555.00 kJ / mol
15
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
5,536.00 kJ / mol
12
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 5th
7,700.00 kJ / mol
11
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 6th
9,900.00 kJ / mol
10
ora Sumadhiya
tingkat Energy 7
13,400.00 kJ / mol
7
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 8
16,000.00 kJ / mol
9
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 9
19,200.00 kJ / mol
9
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 10th
22,400.00 kJ / mol
11
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 11
25,600.00 kJ / mol
13
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 12
35,600.00 kJ / mol
6
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 13
38,700.00 kJ / mol
6
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 14
42,000.00 kJ / mol
7
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 15
46,700.00 kJ / mol
9
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 16
50,200.00 kJ / mol
10
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 17
53,700.00 kJ / mol
12
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 18
61,100.00 kJ / mol
10
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 19
64,702.00 kJ / mol
11
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 20
163,700.00 kJ / mol
2
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 21
174,100.00 kJ / mol
2
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 22
184,900.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 23rd
198,800.00 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
1.19 g / amp-day
99+
2.16 g / amp-day
24
Fungsi Work elektron
4.65 eV
11
3.41 eV
32
Properties Kimia liyane
Kimia Stabilitas, Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
29
99+
90
28
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 1
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
29
99+
90
28
Jumlah Neutron
35
99+
142
15
Jumlah Èlèktron
29
99+
90
28
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
128.00 pm
99+
179.80 pm
15
kovalen Radius
132.00 pm
99+
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
63.55 Amu
99+
232.04 Amu
23
Volume atom
7.10 cm3 / mol
99+
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
34.00 (-eV)
99+
59.30 (-eV)
23
Constant pola
361.49 pm
35
508.42 pm
14
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
8.96 g / cm 3
99+
11.72 g / cm 3
32
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
8.02 g / cm3
27
ora Sumadhiya
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
ora Sumadhiya
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
22
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
48.00 GPA
15
31.00 GPA
21
pengaturan akeh
140.00 GPA
12
54.00 GPA
22
Young kang pengaturan
120.00 GPA
17
79.00 GPA
24
Poisson rasio
0.34
10
0.27
20
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
8.89
34
11.70
23
Nindakake Magnetic
diamagnetic
paramagnetic
permeabilitas
1.256629 * 10-6 H / m
5
ora Sumadhiya
kelemahan
-9.63 * 10-6
4
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
superconductor
resistivity
16.78 nΩ · m
99+
157.00 nΩ · m
22
konduktivitas listrik
0.60 10 6 / cm Ω
2
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
elektron Affinity
222.80 kJ / mol
1
ora Sumadhiya
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.38 J / (kg K)
15
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
24.44 J / mol · K
99+
26.23 J / mol · K
30
doyo termal
401.00 W / m · K
2
54.00 W / m · K
28
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
16.50 μm / (m · K)
25
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
283.70 kJ / mol
33
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
7.11 kJ / mol
99+
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
338.90 kJ / mol
29
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
33.20 J / mol.K
99+
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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