mbandhingaké thorium lan rubidium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Rb
Panggil Group
0
18
1
17
Panggil periode
7
5
Block
pemblokiran f
s pemblokiran
Family unsur
actinide
alkali
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440177
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
3M Im_
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
- metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
ing 1829
ing 1861
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
1 * 10-6 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.000003 %
17
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
0.00 %
19
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
0.01 %
18
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 %
7
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
- Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
NA
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi, tujuan Research
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
2.49 Sang / mg dm-3
7
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
5.00 ppm
13
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
38.89 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
688.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
klawu putih
luster
NA
NA
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
0.30
24
Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
0.22 MPa
99+
Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
1,300.00 m / s
99+
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Rb
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
29
10
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
0.82
99+
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
0.31
32
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
0.89
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
0.69
24
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
0.71
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
3.18
3
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
403.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,633.00 kJ / mol
6
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,860.00 kJ / mol
11
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
5,080.00 kJ / mol
18
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
6,850.00 kJ / mol
19
Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya
8,140.00 kJ / mol
20
tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya
9,570.00 kJ / mol
20
Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya
13,120.00 kJ / mol
17
Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya
14,500.00 kJ / mol
18
Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya
26,740.00 kJ / mol
6
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
3.19 g / amp-day
14
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
2.16 eV
99+
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
37
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Kr] 5S 1
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
37
99+
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
48
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
37
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
248.00 pm
2
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
220.00 pm
4
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
303.00 pm
3
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
85.47 Amu
99+
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
55.90 cm3 / mol
2
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
9.47 (-eV)
99+
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
558.50 pm
10
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
1.53 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
1.46 g / cm3
99+
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
ora Sumadhiya
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
2.50 GPA
99+
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
2.40 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
1.53
99+
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Arman
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
128.00 nΩ · m
26
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
0.08 10 6 / cm Ω
24
elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya
46.90 kJ / mol
24
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
0.36 J / (kg K)
17
Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
31.06 J / mol · K
5
doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
58.20 W / m · K
26
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
2,093.00 K
4
Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
90.00 μm / (m · K)
2
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
69.20 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
2.19 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
82.00 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
76.80 J / mol.K
5
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