rubidium mungsuh Gadolinium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Rb
Gd
Panggil Group
1
17
0
18
Panggil periode
5
6
Block
s pemblokiran
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
alkali
lanthanide
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7440542
33
Jeneng papan Group
3M Im_
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Rubidium logam unsur 16 paling umum ditemokake ing lemah ndhuwur bumi.
- metal Rubidium uga ditemokake ing mineral uga banyu segara.
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
sumber
Dijupuk saka Produksi Lithium.
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
ing 1861
ing taun 1880
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-7 %
22
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.0000002 %
25
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
34
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.01 %
18
0.00 %
30
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
38
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %
7
ora Sumadhiya
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- aplikasi utama Rubidium iku ing Manufaktur kaca.
- Rubidium bisa banget gampang njaluk ionized lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo mesin ion, nanging isih kurang efisien tinimbang sing saka Caesium.
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
Ulah Industrial
NA
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, tujuan Research
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
2.49 Sang / mg dm-3
7
ora Sumadhiya
ing Bone
5.00 ppm
13
ora Sumadhiya
fisik Properties
leleh Point
38.89 ° C
99+
1,311.00 ° C
35
Boiling Point
688.00 ° C
99+
3,233.00 ° C
25
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
klawu putih
perak Putih
luster
NA
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
0.30
24
ora Sumadhiya
Brinell atose
0.22 MPa
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Vickers atose
ora Sumadhiya
510.00 MPa
22
Kacepetan swara
1,300.00 m / s
99+
2,680.00 m / s
34
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Rb
Gd
isotop
Isotop dikenal
29
10
26
13
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
0.82
99+
1.20
39
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
0.31
32
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
0.89
40
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
0.69
24
ora Sumadhiya
Allen Elektronegativitas
0.71
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.80
15
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
403.00 kJ / mol
99+
593.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
2,633.00 kJ / mol
6
1,170.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
3,860.00 kJ / mol
11
1,990.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
5,080.00 kJ / mol
18
4,250.00 kJ / mol
30
Level Energy 5th
6,850.00 kJ / mol
19
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 6th
8,140.00 kJ / mol
20
ora Sumadhiya
tingkat Energy 7
9,570.00 kJ / mol
20
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 8
13,120.00 kJ / mol
17
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 9
14,500.00 kJ / mol
18
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 10th
26,740.00 kJ / mol
6
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
3.19 g / amp-day
14
1.96 g / amp-day
32
Fungsi Work elektron
2.16 eV
99+
3.10 eV
35
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
37
99+
64
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Kr] 5S 1
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
Struktur Crystal
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
37
99+
64
99+
Jumlah Neutron
48
99+
93
37
Jumlah Èlèktron
37
99+
64
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
248.00 pm
2
180.00 pm
14
kovalen Radius
220.00 pm
4
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
85.47 Amu
99+
47.87 Amu
99+
Volume atom
55.90 cm3 / mol
2
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
9.47 (-eV)
99+
46.10 (-eV)
34
Constant pola
558.50 pm
10
363.60 pm
32
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
1.59
9
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
1.53 g / cm 3
99+
7.90 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
1.46 g / cm3
99+
7.40 g / cm3
31
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
30
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
7.39 (Pa)
9
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya
21.80 GPA
33
pengaturan akeh
2.50 GPA
99+
37.90 GPA
34
Young kang pengaturan
2.40 GPA
99+
54.80 GPA
35
Poisson rasio
ora Sumadhiya
0.26
23
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
1.53
99+
7.90
40
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
resistivity
128.00 nΩ · m
26
1.31 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.08 10 6 / cm Ω
24
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
46.90 kJ / mol
24
50.00 kJ / mol
21
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.36 J / (kg K)
17
0.23 J / (kg K)
27
Graham Kapasitas kalor
31.06 J / mol · K
5
37.03 J / mol · K
2
doyo termal
58.20 W / m · K
26
10.60 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
2,093.00 K
4
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
90.00 μm / (m · K)
2
9.40 μm / (m · K)
99+
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
69.20 kJ / mol
99+
359.40 kJ / mol
21
Enthalpy saka Fusion
2.19 kJ / mol
99+
10.05 kJ / mol
36
Enthalpy saka atomization
82.00 kJ / mol
99+
352.00 kJ / mol
27
Standard molar Entropy
76.80 J / mol.K
5
68.10 J / mol.K
16
|
||
|
||
|
